Heavy Metals in Science - Definition and Examples

In science, a  heavy metal is a metallic element which is toxic and has a high density, specific gravity or atomic weight. However, the term means something slightly different in common usage, referring to any metal capable of causing health problems or environmental damage. Examples of Heavy Metals Examples of heavy metals include lead, mercury and cadmium. Less commonly, any metal with a potential negative health effect or environmental impact may be termed a heavy metal, such as cobalt, chromium, lithium and even iron. Dispute over Heavy Metal Term According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry or IUPAC, the term heavy metal may be a meaningless term because there is no standardized definition for a heavy metal. Some light metals or metalloids are toxic, while some high-density metals are not. For example, cadmium generally is considered a heavy metal, with an atomic number of 48 and specific gravity of 8.65, while gold typically is not toxic, even though it has an atomic number of 79 and specific gravity of 18.88. For a given metal, the toxicity varies widely depending on the allotrope or oxidation state of the metal. Hexavalent chromium is deadly; trivalent chromium is nutritionally significant in many organisms, including humans. Certain metals, such as copper, cobalt, chromium, iron, zinc, manganese, magnesium, selenium, and molybenum, may be dense and/or toxic, yet are required micronutrients for humans or other organisms. The essential heavy metals may be needed to support key enzymes, act as cofactors, or act in oxidation-reduction reactions. While necessary for health and nutrition, excess exposure to the elements can cause cellular damage and disease. Specifically, excess metal ions can interact with DNA, proteins, and cellular components, altering the cell cycle, leading to carcinogenesis, or causing cell death. Heavy Metals of Significance to Public Health Exactly how dangerous a metal is depends on several factors, including the dose and means of exposure. Metals affect species differently. Within a single species, age, gender, and genetic predisposition all play a role in toxicity. However, certain heavy metals are of grave concern because they can damage multiple organ systems, even at low exposure levels. These metals include: ArsenicCadmiumChromiumLeadMercury In addition to being toxic, these elemental metals are also known or probable carcinogens. These metals are common in the environment, occurring in air, food, and water. They occur naturally in water and soil. Additionally, they are released into the environment from industrial processes. Source: Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment, P.B. Tchounwou, C.G. Yedjou, A.J. Patlolla, D.J. Sutton, Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology  Volume 101 of the series  Experientia Supplementum  pp 133-164. Heavy metals a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report)  John H. Duffus,  Pure Appl. Chem., 2002, Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 793-807

Stenos Laws or Principles, the Basics of Geology

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis...

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson When asked this question, the immediate answer is, yes. Robert Louis Stevenson uses the features of a conventional horror story, which were very popular at the time, but also uses the story to raise social issues and make criticisms about the hypocrisy and double standards of Victorian society, in general, and Victorian London in particular. The first aspect of horror to be noticed is that the main events of the story, such as the death of Mr. Hyde, usually take place at night. The idea of these events taking place at night creates an eerie atmosphere, full of suspense. An example of this is the setting for when he little girl†¦show more content†¦The trampling of the little girl is an example of this. The word calmly is used in this incident to show that Mr. Hyde did it purposefully and that he had no remorse for doing it. The servant girl who witnesses the killing of Sir Danvers Carew described the crime as insensate, or without feeling. Mr. Hyde obviously had no apparent reason for killing Carew and therefore makes the act motiveless. The descriptive phrases also make the incidents seem very horrific and that Mr. Hyde may be someone who frequently goes around harming people without a motive considering that this is the second incident of unprovoked violence. Robert Louis Stevenson also makes links with Satan or superhuman powers. He describes Hyde as really like Satan. When Utterson meets Hyde for the first time, he says, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if I ever read Satans signature upon a face, it is on that of your new friend. Hyde was obviously an evil person, but these two quotes show how he gave an outward appearance as being evil and that he gave a feeling of association with Satan without him even having to commit a crime. Hyde is described many times in the book and every time it is not in a pleasant way. Enfield, a friend of Utterson the lawyer, describes him as giving a strong sense of deformity and that he could not specify the point. It causes Enfield to feel disgust towards him, butShow MoreRelated The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2416 Words   |  10 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Good and bad. Pure and evil. Right and wrong. Joy and despair. These are all themes Robert Louis Stevenson addresses in his novel, â€Å"The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† Robert Louis Stevenson presents the view that no human has the capacity to be completely good or completely bad. Instead human nature is shown to exhibit both good and bad with dynamic results. Human nature encourages us to feel and experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, By Robert Louis Stevenson1323 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly represented in the literature of the time. An excellent example is, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Robert Louis Stevenson, which gives a direct image of what Victorian era was like with his writing style as well as the story itself. Specifically, Stevenson portrays exactly how Victorian social life commenced as well as displays the main points of social standards of the time. Robert Louis Stevenson uses individual characters in the novella to accurately depict how people protectedRead More Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2888 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson In an attempt to consider the duality tale, one narrative inevitably finds its way to the top of the heap as the supreme archetype: Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Immense disagreement permeates the pages of literary criticism relevant to the meaning of the story. Yet, for all of the wrangling focused on the psychology, morality, spirituality, and sociality of the story, itRead More Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson4276 Words   |  18 PagesGood and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Throughout the story of â€Å"The Strange Case Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, presents his idea of the duality of man- where we all have a dark, wicked side within us, where evil is held in waiting to surface, but we hide it away, we pretend it does not exist, and we keep it tame. He presents this idea by using two protagonists, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who are actually the sameRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson1530 Words   |  7 Pageslocation in the 1800’s during the Victorian era in this novel. As the story unfolds in the classic literature novel, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† written by Robert Louis Stevenson, the magnificent city of London becomes a darker and mysterious location. The powerful city of London embodied the freedom and solitude required for the antagonist of the story, Mr. Hyde to hide his wicked behavior from the society as a whole. According to the history of the Victorian age, â€Å"Traditional waysRead MoreTransformations in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson704 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Jekyll being an eminent doctor, with a powerful social and educational background, has an extremely sophisticated and refined appearance â€Å"a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty† (44). As the quote suggests Dr. Jekyll has a majestic and renowned persona. The charity he does for the society, and his living Standards are all visible through the appearance he manifests. On the other hand, Hyde being Dr. Jekyll’s contrivance, to carry out evil purposes has an unattractive appearance and a repellentRead More Londons Social Class in Robert Louis Stevenson Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde747 Words   |  3 PagesLondons Social Class in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde One Victorian sentiment was that a civilized individual could be determined by her/his appearance. This notion was readily adopted by the upper classes and, among other things, helped shape their views of the lower classes, who certainly appeared inferior to them. In regards to social mobility, members of the upper classes may have (through personal tragedy or loss) often moved to a lower-class status, but rarely did one see an individual moveRead MoreA feminist reading of Doris Lessing’s ‘To Room Nineteen’ and ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by Robert Louis Stevenson using ideas discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ by Simone de Beauvoir2446 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A feminist reading of Doris Lessing’s ‘To Room Nineteen’ and ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by Robert Louis Stevenson using ideas discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ by Simone de Beauvoir. The concept of Simone de Beauvoir’s myth of women discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ was still very much prevalent in the 1960s when ‘To Room nineteen’ was set and certainly at the time of ‘Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’. In the 1960s, in accordance with the second wave of feminism, women were thoughtRead More Robert Stevenson Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Louis Stevenson began writing during the Victorian era. His style was unlike anyone elseamp;#8217;s and his stories are still popular today. Robert Louis Stevenson was an author of many classic novels and his literary success became popular when he wrote the mystery called The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1886 at the young age of thirty-six. He was born on November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh, Scotland. HisRead MoreIdeas Of Good And Evil Follow From The Earliest Of Days.847 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow from the earliest of days. Robert Louis Stevenson’s parents lived devout in their Christianity, but Stevenson did not follow their ideas. G.B. Stern suggests that â€Å"Although he had rejected the Calvinist doctrines his parents taught him, the focus of the interplay of good and evil continued to influence his imagination† (Stern). Stevenson forced his parents away, but their ideas stayed in his thoughts and even affected The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His past affected his writing

SWOT Analysis and Management Perspective †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the SWOT Analysis and Management Perspective. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to carry out a self SWOT analysis with the aim of assessing my qualifications, skills, and knowledge that can make me suitable candidate to join Samsung Company. The success of Samsung attributes to the successful engagement of all the stakeholders; therefore, this article, examines the SWOT analysis of all the parties concerned to achieve a propermanagement perspective of Samsung Company and provide personal organizational fit. Summary of organization Samsung Company is a South Korean company created in 1969 to be one of the worlds largest electric appliances producer (Jung, 2011).The wide range of the product portfolio that Samsungs enjoys includes; mobile phones, tablets, televisions, camcorders, home appliances, memory cards and other devices. A large number of various products and efficiency of components production have allowed Samsung to cut on manufacturing cost. With the broad range of the products, Samsung holds a significant market share is making it be the second market commander after Nokia as a result of its innovativeness. However, despite the fact of having the best quality products and commanding a greater share of the market, the companys products face major threats from the Chinese goods that are more of economies of scales that end up in most of the under-developed markets threatening their worldwide commandSWOT analysis is a business method that is used to identify the internal strengths and weakness and extern al opportunities and threats to provide critical information needed to create a strategic growth plan (Vanek et al., 2012). The method is important to individuals who are seeking jobs or wants to climb the organization ladders by helping the individual on how to play on the strengths and managing the weakens at the same time uncovering opportunities and doing away with the threats that hinder your progress. Methodology The purpose of the study was to acquire and carry out a SWOT analysis on mymanagement perspective with Samsung Company as a reflection organization. In this study, I read variousmanagement documents that relate to the company and used quantitative method to bring together my findings. I also used various tools for personal analysis to identify my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the attempt of analyzing my professional performance. My focus was mainly on my on the management perspectives while providing personal views on themanagement style and the subordinate views on their feeling of the management style. Some of the information was also collected outside the institution to give comparison and help in making personal organizational fit. The information was collected through doing of a number of researches Strengths Having attained a master in Project Management, I have achieved various management skills that I can use in overseeing particulars projects such as creation and launching of new products in case I get the chance of working with a company like Samsung. After the degree and graduation, I landed an internship at Nokia Electronics, where I gained more experience in different departments such the service solution departments, the consumer departments, supply and chain departments, corporate development department. As a result, I have gained management skills that can enable me to work on different research and development projects. In the service and solution department, I was able to gain knowledge on how to develop and ensure that the mobile device is personalized and integrated to the satisfaction of the user. As a result, I am able to learn on how to develop internet services such as messaging, maps and music that will eventually enhance the customers experience. I also possess strong marketing and supply chain skills, about different categories of the markets. Having taken part in the corporate development department, I have learned how to forecast the future trends of the market and come up with appropriate actions that will sustain the company into the market against the competitors. With the knowledge gained, I am more certain that I can bring a change in the Samsung Company as the project manager. In addition to the formal skills gained, I am a good team player with good communication skills and able to work under no supervision. Weakness Despite the skills I have gained in in my academic and practical experiences, I have come to the realization that I do have some weaknesses in areas that will require my extra effort to improve and better my professionalism. During my internship at Nokia, the departmental head of service and solutions observed that I had a strong, compulsive urge to complete tasks very quickly and as a result, the work tends to have poor quality as a result of my lack of patience. The same urge of finishing given task as quickly as possible always makes me have mental stress mostly when there are numerous tasks that I need to complete. In many cases, organizations tend to focus on experience while recruiting staff. However, my experience is still low, an aspect that requires me to volunteer in many technologically oriented organizations to gain more experience. Opportunity With advancement in technology, there are many carrier opportunities for professionals like me who focus on technological advancement in the current business market. Even though we have more chances of working with other organizations, I also have the opportunity to become an entrepreneur and create job opportunities for others. Samsung is a global organization with a customer base in the technological industry. As a result, any job opportunity with the organization will help me to get more exposure and experience in a competitive and dynamic business environment with a focus on professional growth. The position will be an opportunity to prove my creativity of upgrading the innovativeness spirit in the company. Threats There is a global shortage of sufficient job opportunities for graduates in different academic institutions across the world. As a result, there is a tight competition for employment in different organizations. In other words, getting a chance to work with Samsung Company will be challenging due to the possibility of a tough competition from other qualified professionals. Another threat is a large number of people who have more experience in the world that may also tender their interest in the position of being the corporate development department. Diversity As a result of this analysis, I feel more convicted to place my interest in the position of corporate development department and face the board of director to defend and convince the directors why I am the best replacer of the retiring corporate development departmental manager. I will fit in Samsung mechanistic organizational structure that is composed of the hierarchical and formalized structures which are either have horizontal or vertical differentiation (Dale, 2016). The hierarchical structure is high formalized with stable definitions of roles, instructions, responsibilities, education, and job methods. The structure is centralized with a decision made at the top of the management. Standardization, through the written rules and procedures; close authority supervision while organic organizational structures have the following characters: high horizontal and vertical integration whereby the network of the police carry out the control based on the knowledge of the task; little formalization whereby duties and responsibilities can redefine in accordance with the situation; decentralization whereby the decisions made with the knowledgeable ones; mutual adjustment and function redefinition through problem-solving and interaction; consistent lateral communica tion that are often in the form of consultation between different departmental representatives. Therefore, this structure allows the flexibility of the staff to carry out various experiments hence promoting the creativity among them. The continuous creativity results to the introduction of some new products introduced into the market that attracts many customers making it be more dominance in the smart phone industry. Naturally occurring data include the conversation, the emails, and the corporate artifacts. As the manager, I will always maintain a dialogue among the stakeholders through the use of the possible means of communications style such as the conversations, the emails, and memes (Zhang et al., 2017). Samsung Company embraces the naturally occurring data in their daily performance, for example in making communication among the stakeholders such as passing information on particular meetings can be done through email communication indicating the venue and time on the same, or advertisement of a new product uploaded on the social media platforms such as facebook, twitter and Instagram. Other advertisement information, like the ads and visual videos, are added to the most popular websites so as any person opening the site will be able to see them. With the constant conversation, the stakeholders get access to the information on the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats of the compan y. The manager conveys the meeting agendas on time before such meetings commence. Management of Samsung Stakeholders Stakeholders refer to persons, groups or organizations that either engage directly or indirectly in the activities of an enterprise (Schneider Hidani, 2014). The stakeholders use different types information in making decisions. There are two categories of stakeholders that are internal and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholders comprise those that directly affect the performance of the business such as the proprietor, creditors, shareholders, managers, customers, suppliers employees and business partners. The internal stakeholder largely influences the daily operation of the business. The external stakeholders are the factors that do not directly affect the day-to-day operations of the business, such as government policies, social media, and stock brokers. Broader and deeper engagement is essential to cover up all the issues that are concerned widely by the stakeholders for a proper relationship with the manager and smoother running of the company (Bridox Stoelhost, 2013).Samsung applies open relationship communication with the stakeholders to facilitate the constant growth of the organization. The authority takes into account all the feedback from the interested parties and makes the appropriate actions to address the issues. The special communication departments facilitate an efficient communication of the company by hold many different forums to respond to various queries and conduct surveys (Lammers, 2011). Together with the help of the shareholders, I will ensure that the firm complies with the rules and regulations. As the manager, I will do this by forming a task force that is tasked with the monitoring suppliers so as the providers comply with the labor laws accordingly. As the manager, I will ensure that the employees have th e best working conditions, work within the stipulated time, and eliminate any possible conflicts that may arise to maintain a harmonious working condition. The staffs are also offered some training on the customer care. Proper stakeholder engagement based on procedural quality that is concerned with how the engagement process and the consistency with the purpose that was declared (Pournasir, 2013). The responsiveness quality that is concerned with how the manager gives out answers to the needs of the stakeholders and finally the outcome quality that requires the management to provide clear evidence of the policies and practices that are in line with the engagement of the stakeholders. For proper engagement with the stakeholders, the manager must maintain a clear participation topology that entails three key characteristics that are informative, consultative and decisional (Balabanov et al., 2016). The informative participation requires the manager to pass clear and focused information to the companys stakeholders. For example, the stakeholders will only receive the intended information while remaining passive in their participation; therefore, the manager has complete control on what to pass to the stakeholders. Through this, the manager has the freedom to make a better judgment on the governance of the Samsung Company. The consultative participation requires the manager to engage in a higher level of the organization stakeholders to receive their views and perceptions on individual teams issues. (Jung, 2011). Through this, the management can maintain the goals of the company in line with the stakeholders by having a greater source of information from different participants. The decisional participation requires the manager to determine the level at which the companys decisions made through interacting with the stakeholders from the beginning of particular innovative projects to the end of the product in the market. The decisional participation ensures that the manager does not make personal decisions that may not reflect the companys wishes rather than consensus decisions that are qualitative. Organization Fit I am well placed in the organization as a result of my formal and informal qualifications and therefore am well convicted that my presence in the organization is both to my advantageous and to the organization too. I will be able to improve on my personal skills such as communication skills, creativity and help me reduce the urge of completing assigned task within the shortest time; as a result I will improve on my perfecting the quality of work. The opportunity will also allow me to identify more of my strengths and weakness as well as the opportunities that are available within my future career. To the organization, I will be able to offer my skills that I gained during my internship in Nokia company so as to enable Samsung to have a better strategy to dominate the smart phone industry. Conclusion The management SWOT analysis of Samsung shows that the success of the company depends on the dynamic communication style between the management and all the stakeholders. Precise information is passed from both vertically and horizontally, and decisions made after proper consultation and the making of a universal consensus. References Balabanov, T., Zankinski, I., Barova, M. (2016). Strategy for Individuals Distribution by Incident Nodes Participation in Star Topology of Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms. Cybernetics And Information Technologies, 16(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2016-0006 Bridoux, F., Stoelhorst, J. (2013). Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), 107-125. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.2089 Dale, O. (2016). Ethical issues and stakeholders matter. Addiction, 111(4), 587-589. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.13267 Dresp-Langley, B. (2012). Responsibly Managing Risks To The Environment: Stakeholders And Their Communication Contract. The Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 5(1), 19-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874829501205010019 George, O., Owoyemi, O., Onakala, U. (2012). Theorising the Concept of Organisational Artefacts: How It Enhances the Development of Corporate/Organisational Identity. International Journal Of Business Administration, 3(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v3n4p37 Haroun, I. (2016). Exploring Corporate Strategic Management and Global Expansion on the Case study of Samsung Electronics. Archives Of Business Research, 4(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.41.1814 Hitt, M. (2011). Relevance of strategic management theory and research for supply chain management. Strategic Direction, 27(7). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd.2011.05627gad.001 Jung, T. (2011). Good for Samsung is Good for Korea: Image Restoration Strategies Used by Samsung After a Whistle-Blowing Corruption Scandal. The Open Communication Journal,, 5(1), 23-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874916x01105010023 Lammers, J. (2011). Management Communication Quarterly Forum: Institutionalism and Organizational Communication. Management Communication Quarterly, 25(1), 151-153. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318910389279 Mumby, D. (2012). Internationalizing Organizational Communication. Management Communication Quarterly, 26(3), 498-504. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318912451095 Phillips, R., Berman, S., Elms, H., Johnson-Cramer, M. (2010). Strategy, stakeholders and managerial discretion. Strategic Organization, 8(2), 176-183. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127010365721 Pournasir, S. (2013). Key Success Factors of Strategic Managemnt Implementation in SMES in Iran. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, 6(2), 65-78. https://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2013/6-2/6 Schneider, M., Hadani, M. (2014). Stakeholder Management and Corporate Political Activity: A Model of Strategic Stakeholder Management. Academy Of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), 12289-12289. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.164 Van?k, M., Mikol, M., Ã… ½vkov, K. (2012). Evaluation Methods of Swot Analysis / Metody Vyhodnocen Swot Analzy. Geoscience Engineering, 58(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0036 Zhang, J., Yin, G., Liu, Y., Wu, Y. (2017). Censored cumulative residual independent screening for ultrahigh-dimensional survival data. Lifetime Data Analysis. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10985-017-9395-2